華岡青洲 Hanaoka Seishu’s Surgical Casebook, digitized by National Library of Medicine. You can now read the book online by using their “turn the page” system.
http://archive.nlm.nih.gov/proj/ttp/flash/hanaoka/hanaoka.html
Here’s the introduction to this amazing book from NLM website
“A Surgical Casebook” is a manuscript of hand-painted pictures commissioned by Hanaoka Seishu, a pioneering Japanese surgeon who was the first to use general anesthesia to remove tumors from cancer patients. The colorful, often charming, pictures in this casebook capture the likenesses of the men and women who came to Hanaoka for treatment; and, importantly, they depict, quite graphically, the medical and surgical problem to be treated.
